Template:Chapters 6.2 - Revision history

Mamta at 08:42, 29 December 2023

2023-12-29T08:42:29Z

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	The main problem of this intervention is the ability of the women to access the weeding tools. In many societies in developing countries, women have low socio-economic statuses and are not often able to make decisions without the approval of their husband (FAO, 1998). This therefore constrains their ability to invest in gender-specific technologies (FAO, 1998).</p>		The main problem of this intervention is the ability of the women to access the weeding tools. In many societies in developing countries, women have low socio-economic statuses and are not often able to make decisions without the approval of their husband (FAO, 1998). This therefore constrains their ability to invest in gender-specific technologies (FAO, 1998).</p>
	<p>Another potential problem is the lack of information transmission from seller to buyer. In order for women to use these tools properly, they must be trained on how to use them. The vendor can transmit the information to the women or the SAK picture book could be attached to the product with picture examples of how to properly utilize the tool.</p>		<p>Another potential problem is the lack of information transmission from seller to buyer. In order for women to use these tools properly, they must be trained on how to use them. The vendor can transmit the information to the women or the SAK picture book could be attached to the product with picture examples of how to properly utilize the tool.</p>
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			<h1 class="title-bg">Picture Based Lesson to Train Farmers </h1>
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			[[Image:7.2a page-0001.jpg\|thumb\|centre\|Picture Based Lesson to Train Farmer\|Click on the image to access a higher resolution image as well as lessons adapted for different geographic regions.]]</p>
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Mamta at 14:48, 11 December 2023

2023-12-11T14:48:04Z

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	<p>Suggested citation for this chapter.</p>		<p>Suggested citation for this chapter.</p>
	<p>~~Natalie~~,F(2022) Lost cost weeding tools for women. In Farmpedia, The Encyclopedia for Small Scale Farmers. Editor, M.N. Raizada, University of Guelph, Canada. http://www.farmpedia.org</p>		<p>Fear,N.(2022) Lost cost weeding tools for women. In Farmpedia, The Encyclopedia for Small Scale Farmers. Editor, M.N. Raizada, University of Guelph, Canada. http://www.farmpedia.org</p>
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Mamta at 07:30, 15 March 2023

2023-03-15T07:30:08Z

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	<div class="title"><h3>6.2 - Lost cost weeding tools for women</h3><br><h3 class="ch-owner">Natalie Fear, University of Guelph, Canada</h3></div>		<div class="title"><h3>6.2 - Lost cost weeding tools for women</h3><br><h3 class="ch-owner">Natalie Fear, University of Guelph, Canada</h3></div>
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			<p>Suggested citation for this chapter.</p>
			<p>Natalie,F(2022) Lost cost weeding tools for women. In Farmpedia, The Encyclopedia for Small Scale Farmers. Editor, M.N. Raizada, University of Guelph, Canada. http://www.farmpedia.org</p>
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62.8.66.139 at 11:36, 2 January 2023

2023-01-02T11:36:32Z

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	<p>The obscure task of weeding is usually performed manually by bending over and pulling the weed and its roots above the ground (Raut et al., 2013). The posture used while weeding leads to induced back pain for the women involved (Raut et al., 2013). Improved weeding tools are helpful because they allow the women to remain in an upright body position and can be used to remove the weed without the women having to touch the weed or put difficult labour into pulling it out (IFAD, 1998). There are several types of tools that are available for different purposes and preferences. Please refer to Table 1 to assess the types of weeders available and what they are best used for.</p>		<p>The obscure task of weeding is usually performed manually by bending over and pulling the weed and its roots above the ground (Raut et al., 2013). The posture used while weeding leads to induced back pain for the women involved (Raut et al., 2013). Improved weeding tools are helpful because they allow the women to remain in an upright body position and can be used to remove the weed without the women having to touch the weed or put difficult labour into pulling it out (IFAD, 1998). There are several types of tools that are available for different purposes and preferences. Please refer to Table 1 to assess the types of weeders available and what they are best used for.</p>
	[[~~File~~:~~Imageaa~~.~~png~~]]		[[Image:Type of Weeder page-0001.jpg\|thumb\|centre\|Table 1: Types of Weeders]]</p>

			<p>The farmer may choose their type of weeding tool according to price, availability, preference and weed type. It is important to realize that the motorized weeder would be the most costly option and may not be of financial reach to all farmers. However the other tools, which are less expensive, will still be of great assistance to women farmers while weed picking. These weeding tools can be purchased from a local vendor or can be made by a local blacksmith. </p>
	<p>The farmer may choose their type of weeding tool according to price, availability, preference and weed type. It is important to realize that the motorized weeder would be the most costly option and may not be of financial reach to all farmers. However the other tools, which are less expensive, will still be of great assistance to women farmers while weed picking. These weeding tools can be purchased from a local vendor or can be made by a local blacksmith. </p>
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Mamta at 20:48, 13 June 2022

2022-06-13T20:48:37Z

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Mamta at 05:59, 6 June 2022

2022-06-06T05:59:05Z

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         <h3 class="title-bg">References</h3>

Mamta at 06:54, 31 May 2022

2022-05-31T06:54:35Z

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Mamta at 06:50, 31 May 2022

2022-05-31T06:50:39Z

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	<div class="title"><h1>6.2 - ~~Tied ridging to capture and prevent erosion~~</h1><br><h3>Gryphon Therault-Loubier, University of Guelph, Canada</h3></div>		<div class="title"><h1>6.2 - Lost cost weeding tools for women</h1><br><h3>Gryphon Therault-Loubier, University of Guelph, Canada</h3></div>
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Mamta: Created page with "

6.2 - Tied ridging to capture and prevent erosion

Gryphon Therault-Loubier, University of Guelph, Canada

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2022-05-24T05:22:06Z

Created page with "<div> <div class="title"><h1>6.2 - Tied ridging to capture and prevent erosion</h1><br><h3>Gryphon Therault-Loubier, University of Guelph, Canada</h3></div> <div class="ch-navber" style="display: flex; justify-content: space-between;"> <div class="center-side" style="max-width: 70%;margin-right: 3%;"> <div style="margin-top: 30px;"> <h3 style="background: #d0e5f5;padding: 15px;font-weight: 600;color: #000;font-size: 22px;margin:unset;text-align:center;">I..."

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<div class="title"><h1>6.2 - Tied ridging to capture and prevent erosion</h1><br><h3>Gryphon Therault-Loubier, University of Guelph, Canada</h3></div>
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<h3 style="background: #d0e5f5;padding: 15px;font-weight: 600;color: #000;font-size: 22px;margin:unset;text-align:center;">Introduction:</h3>
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<p>Traditionally, subsistence farmers have utilized a method known as broadcasting to sow seeds. Generally, broadcasting involves manually dispersing seeds throughout the field by throwing handfuls over the soil. In order for farmers to obtain a substantial yield with broadcasting, seeds must be sown at a relatively high density. Since the seeds were dispersed on the soil surface, some seeds could be lost to birds or field run-off during rainstorms (Johansen, Haque, Bell, Thierfelder, & Esdaile, 2012). Alternatively, line sowing involves sowing seeds in uniform rows either manually or with machinery (Food and Agriculture Organization, 2007). This sowing method allows for higher yields due to reduced plant competition for sunlight, water, and nutrients. Additionally, sowing seeds in rows allows for enhanced weed and pest management since farmers can more easily move through the field to removed weeds and monitor crops for pests or disease (Barberi, 2002).</p>
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<h3 style="background: #d0e5f5;padding: 15px;font-weight: 600;color: #000;font-size: 22px;margin:unset;text-align:center;">Physical Protection</h3>
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<p>Protection is the main benefit from using gloves. Repetitive motions, such as when pounding grain, can cause irritation to the skin. When collecting firewood the sticks and logs can scratch or cut the skin (Food and Agriculture Organization, 2016). Weeds can be rough and by scratching their hands many times they can become cut and sore (Espasandín-Arias & Goossens, 2014). By lifting and pulling heavy items the top layer of your skin will separate from the next, causing a blister, by wearing gloves they now will prevent blistering because the glove will act as the top layer of skin and prevent the actual skin from separating (Schaffner, 2013). Manure has a lot of bacteria in it which are harmful if they are swallow, so keeping them away from the hands used to eat with is very beneficial (Furlong, et al., 2015). If farmers are working with firewood or in construction the cloth gloves will work better because they are more durable (Food and Agriculture Organization, 2016). The disposable rubber gloves would be the worst to use in this scenario because they are so thin, stick to jobs were the main goals are to keep hands dry and dirt free when using disposable rubber gloves.</p>
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<h3 style="background: #faecc8;padding: 15px;font-weight: 600;color: #000;font-size: 22px;margin:unset;text-align:center;">Defense Against Moisture and Chemicals</h3>
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<p>Moisture blocking is a way gloves can prevent your skin from drying out and from getting too wet and dehydrating farmer's hands. By keeping the moisture from the hands inside the gloves they will prevent the skin from cracking and becoming infected (Schaffner, 2013). As well when working in wet conditions your hands can shrivel and become dehydrated if they are constantly in contact with water.</p>
<p>Pesticides can be absorbed by your skin and become harmful to the body, gloves provide an extra barrier to block them from entering in a farmer's body (Furlong, et al., 2015). Fertilizers such as nitrogen can also be caustic, and these are usually spread through broadcasting by hand. Mud can get under your nails and into cracked or cut skin and can infect a farmer's hands. Gloves will keep the mud out and keep hands clean. Both liquid pesticides and dry fertilizers can irritate skin if they come into contact with it (Kim, et al., 2013). Wearing the proper gloves, rubber ones in this case, can save their hands from becoming itchy (Keeble et al., 1996). Human skin can also absorb the pesticides which are harmful to your body, wearing gloves would prevent the pesticides from ever touching your skin.</p>
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<h3 style="background: #d0e5f5;padding: 15px;font-weight: 600;color: #000;font-size: 22px;margin:unset;text-align:center;">Wearable</h3>
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<p>Comfortable gloves help farmer's work longer because their hands will not hurt from completing your task. Sizing is very important when finding comfortable gloves (Melco, 2016). Make sure gloves are the proper length and width, as not to restrict movement. There will be less pain from pulling weeds and they will be able to pull more weeds because they would not have to wait a long for the pain to subside between pulling each weed, because there will be no pain if wearing gloves (Food and Agriculture Organization, 2016). If farmer's find they are working hard and their hands start to sweat the gloves should be removed , dry your hands, and put on a new pair. Cloth gloves are more breathable then rubber ones, using them is another way to prevent hands from getting sweaty. The cloth gloves can also be softer and easier to clean, but are more restricting to movement due to their durability and tougher material. Since children will also be farming, smaller glove sizes can be found. Gloves are designed to fit a farmer's hand snugly, so children should not wear adult sized gloves when working. </p>
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<h3 style="background: #d0e5f5;padding: 15px;font-weight: 600;color: #000;font-size: 22px;margin:unset;text-align:center;">Constraints To Adoption</h3>
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<p>Gloves are very useful to farmers, but there can still be some drawbacks. Possible culturable taboos might vary from location to location. Gloves might seem feminine and not easily adopted by men in the community. Gloves act as a second, tougher skin, but they are not a farmer's skin and can slide around while working. This may feel odd and uncomfortable but farmers can get used to the new feeling over time. Gloves can come in many colours and thicknesses, which may make a farmer's hands look funny or larger. Human skin is very stretchy and flexible, while glove materials tend to be tougher than skin and will reduce movement, but not enough to hinder work. Rubber gloves can stretch well, but make hands sweat, while cloth gloves are breathable but reduce dexterity.</p>
<p>Farmers can find gloves to use and get started from local vendors (European Commission For The Control Of Foot-And-Mouth Disease, 2016). Once you have completed your work for the day you can clean them are reuse them, or dispose of them if they were ripped or torn (Kim, et al., 2013). You can get gloves made of rubber and like materials as well as ones made of durable cloths. The thin rubber gloves tend to be made for a single use only. A trick that the European Commission For The Control Foot-And-Mouth Disease mentions that you can wear two pairs of rubber gloves at the same time for extra protection (European Commission For The Control Of Foot-And-Mouth Disease, 2016).</p>
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<h3 style="background: #d0e5f5;padding: 15px;font-weight: 600;color: #000;font-size: 22px;margin:unset;text-align:center;">Helpful Links To Get Started </h3>
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<p>Here are websites to find more information about how to obtain gloves:</p>
<p>[https://www.alibaba.com/ Alibaba]</p>
<p>[https://www.indiamart.com/ Indiamart]</p>
<p>[http://www.store.nzfarmsource.co.nz/ Store Nzfarmsource]</p>
<p>[https://www.adenna.com Adenna]</p>
<p>[https://www.farmcity.co.za/ Farmcity]</p>
<p>[https://www.crazystore.co.za/ Crazystore]</p>
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<h3 style="background: #d0e5f5;padding: 15px;font-weight: 600;color: #000;font-size: 22px;margin:unset;text-align:center;">References</h3>
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<p>Espasandín-Arias, M., & Goossens, A. (2014). Natural rubber gloves might not protect against skin penetration of methylisothiazolinone. Contact Dermatitis, 70(4), 249-251. doi:10.1111/cod.12221</p>
<p>European Commission For The Control Of Foot-And-Mouth Disease. Suggested FMD PPE guidelines - Food and Agriculture, (2016)
Food and Agriculture Organization. Rural women in household production: Increasing contributions and persisting drudgery. (2016).
</p>
<p>Furlong, M., Tanner, C. M., Goldman, S. M., Bhudhikanok, G. S., Blair, A., Chade, A., . . . Kamel, F. (2015). Protective glove use and hygiene habits modify the associations of specific pesticides with Parkinson's disease. Environment International, 75, 144-150. doi:10.1016/j.envint.2014.11.002</p>
<p>Keeble, V. B., Correll, L., & Ehrich, M. (1996). Effect of Laundering on Ability of Glove Fabrics to Decrease the Penetration of Organophosphate Insecticides Through in vitro Epidermal Systems. J. Appl. Toxicol. Journal of Applied Toxicology, 16(5), 401-406. doi:10.1002/(sici)1099-1263(199609)16:53.3.co;2-6</p>
<p>Kim, J., Kim, J., Cha, E., Ko, Y., Kim, D., & Lee, W. (2013). Work-Related Risk Factors by Severity for Acute Pesticide Poisoning Among Male Farmers in South Korea. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 10(3), 1100-1112. doi:10.3390/ijerph10031100</p>
<p>Melco, M. (2016). Gardening Gloves. Retrieved from [http://garden.lovetoknow.com/wiki/Gardening_Gloves Garden Lovetoknow]</p>
<p>Schaffner, A. D. (2013). Minimizing Surgical Skin Incision Scars with a Latex Surgical Glove. Aesthetic Plastic Surgery, 37(2), 463-463. doi:10.1007/s00266-013-0071-y</p>
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<h3 style="background: #d0e5f5;padding: 15px;font-weight: 600;color: #000;font-size: 22px;margin:unset;text-align:center;">Today’s featured picture</h3>
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<p>[[File:Ch1.png|300px|thumb|left]]</p>
<p>Performance for dense matrix multiplication</p>
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<h3 style="background: #d0e5f5;padding: 15px;font-weight: 600;color: #000;font-size: 22px;margin:unset;text-align:center;">Work organization</h3>
<div class="links" style="background: #f1f5fc;padding: 15px;font-weight: 400;color: #212529;font-size: 16px;margin:unset;line-height: 1.5;">
<p>[http://www.msu.ru/en/ Description of algorithm properties and structure]</p>
<p style="color:#ba0000 !important;">[http://parallel.ru/index_eng.html Guides to writing sections of the algorithm’s description]</p>
<p>[http://srcc.msu.ru Glossary]</p>
<p>[http://srcc.msu.ru Help with editing]</p>
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<h3 style="background: #d0e5f5;padding: 15px;font-weight: 600;color: #000;font-size: 22px;margin:unset;text-align:center;">Readiness of articles</h3>
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<p><strong>Finished articles:</strong></p>
<ul>
<li><p>[http://www.msu.ru/en/ Description of algorithm properties and structure]</p></li>
<li><p style="color:#ba0000 !important;">[http://parallel.ru/index_eng.html Guides to writing sections of the algorithm’s description]</p></li>
<li><p>[http://srcc.msu.ru Glossary]</p></li>
<li><p>[http://srcc.msu.ru Help with editing]</p></li>
</ul>
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