Chapters 8.57 - Revision history

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	~~<div class="title"><h3>~~8.57~~-Use of Snack food, Cigarette, and Alcohol Dealers to Sell Inputs to Farmers</h3><br><h3 class="ch-owner">Daniela Bernal Kotlier, University of Guelph, Canada </h3></div>~~
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	~~<p>Suggested citation for this chapter.</p>~~
	<p> Kotlier,BD. (2022) Use of Snack food, Cigarette, and Alcohol Dealers to Sell Inputs to Farmers,In Farmpedia, The Encyclopedia for Small Scale Farmers. Editor, M.N. Raizada, University of Guelph, Canada. http://www.farmpedia.org</p>
	~~<h3 class="title-bg">Background</h3>~~
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	<P>Low productivity typically associated with subsistence farms in remote and rural areas of developing countries is exacerbated by lack of accessibility: inaccessibility of a market to sell crops, inaccessibility of agricultural extension programs and specialized knowledge, and also the inaccessibility of agricultural inputs such as improved seeds to bolster yields (Byerlee et al., 2007; Edmonds, 1998). The majority of farm input suppliers are concentrated either in urban areas or rural areas densely populated with commercial farms, leaving remote farmers with few opportunities to purchase affordable farm inputs (Farrow et al., 2011). While a subsistence farmer may have to travel far to purchase inputs that will improve the profitability of his farm (likely representing significant losses in time and labour), there are items such as snack food, cigarettes, and alcohol that are consistently available in even the most remote agricultural regions of the world (Chapagain & Raizada, 2017). Given the lack of established distribution channels for agricultural inputs in remote areas, and the immense disadvantage this poses to subsistence farmers, it is advisable that the very distribution networks that make snack food, cigarettes, and alcohol readily available should be dually used to distribute and sell inputs to farmers in remote locales (Chapagain & Raizada, 2017). This has the potential to effectively mitigate the geographical barrier to purchasing inputs that is widely experienced by subsistence farmers.</p>
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	~~<h3 class="title-bg">Description of Practice </h3>~~
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	<p>The first problem that arises when attempting to use already established distribution networks is the question of how to incentivize private companies to become involved in the distribution of agricultural inputs. Partnerships between development NGOs and multi-national corporations are common; a good example of which is the collaboration between Doctors without Borders and pharmaceutical companies to distribute needed medicines in underdeveloped countries (Dahan et al., 2010). Partnerships of this kind to facilitate distribution can be presented by NGOs as a mutually beneficial business opportunity. Corporations will provide their expansive distribution networks, while development organizations will provide their knowledge of community networks to optimize the financial success of the corporation’s venture and their acquisition of a completely new consumer base (Dahan et al., 2010). NGOs, who have already secured the trust of local stakeholders and established their knowledge of agricultural interventions, will lend legitimacy to the corporation’s sale of agricultural inputs, and will also be able to inform local stakeholders of the project.</p>
	<p>Once committed to adding agricultural inputs such as improved seeds and commercial fertilizers to the products they sell, corporations will acquire these with the help of the national department of agriculture. The government and development agencies’ funding will subsidize the corporation’s added cost of purchasing and distributing inputs, so that the inputs can be sold at low cost to consumers. The government will be responsible for setting a reasonable price ceiling or a price per unit for each product, which the corporation will agree to uphold so that product’s prices remain stable and affordable for farmers. The agricultural products will be sold alongside the snack food, alcohol or cigarettes that the corporation already sells, providing access to smallholder farmers in remote areas.</p>
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	~~<h3 class="title-bg">Possible Benefits </h3>~~
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	<p><b>1. Low labor requirement:</b></p> This practice would employ a supply network already in place, and does not likely require any additional labor on the part of the farmer. Farmers who once expended time and energy travelling to purchase agricultural inputs will no longer have to do so.</p>
	<p><b>2. Low cost:</b></p> Due to local demand and added transport costs the vendor may wish to mark up the price of agricultural commodities, however buying inputs from a vendor locally will certainly still be the least expensive option for farmers, in comparison to the costs incurred by individual travel. Most importantly however, the practice should be subsidized through funding by international aid agencies and the government, which will create stable and affordable prices (Chapagain & Raizada, 2017).</p>
	<p><b>3. Increased productivity:</b></p> Given the economic reliance that many underdeveloped and developing countries have on their agricultural sector, and the fact that agricultural production in less developed countries constitutes the majority of the population’s livelihoods, it is necessary for the agricultural productivity of farms to be increased (Feder et al., 1985). The adoption of previously-unused agricultural technologies presents an optimistic solution for the need to increase productivity and farmer incomes. The United States has a well-documented history of increasing agricultural productivity through the adoption of new technologies, such as improved seeds and commercial fertilizers (Edgerton, 2009). Other agricultural countries have followed suit, though adoption rates are often inadequate and yields still sit far below world averages (Edgerton, 2009).</p>
	<p>An important factor for low adoption rates of new agricultural technologies in developing countries may be the absence of markets where smallholder farmers live. In fact, it has been shown that the adoption of commercial fertilizer use and improved seed varieties as a way of increasing productivity on smallholder farms in Malawi is negatively associated with the distance from input markets (Chirwa, 2011). Further, the adoption of chemical fertilizers by smallholder farmers in the peanut basin of Senegal has been shown to be affected by geographic location (Thuo et al., 2011). Increasing the scope of distribution networks within developing countries so that they reach remote areas where smallholder farmers live, may play an important role in increasing the use of commercial fertilizers and improved seed varieties, which in turn can significantly bolster the productivity of subsistence farmers in developing countries.</p>
	<p><b>4. Dissemination of agricultural knowledge:</b></p> Vendors can also be used to distribute agricultural leaflets created for subsistence farmers alongside inputs (Raizada, 2017). In the absence of adequate extension officers in many remote areas, leaflets with illustrated instructions on best practices for farmers is a viable method to disseminate agricultural knowledge regarding sustainable, low cost solutions. These leaflets should also provide valuable information on how to use the new inputs that are purchased, as farmers who lack this knowledge may be disinclined to purchase inputs (Belt et al., 2015). Additionally, these picture books will demonstrate best practices for land preparation, ensuring soil health, treating pests and disease, harvesting, and disaster relief.</p>
	<p><b>5. Business opportunity:</b></p> The distribution of agricultural inputs in remote areas also presents an added business opportunity for local economies. Inputs must be sold in small amounts to subsistence and small-scale farmers, given the small size of their lands and their low incomes. Thus, a business will be needed to package large quantities of seeds or fertilizers into smaller packages to meet the unique needs of these farmers. This added step in the supply chain can be fulfilled at the local level to provide new jobs in the community.</p>
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	~~<h3 class="title-bg">Critical Analysis </h3>~~
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	<p>A concern with this practice may be that vendors will not easily accept selling these products in their shops, especially as they differ drastically from what they usually sell. However, given the demand in remote areas for agricultural inputs, these products will undoubtedly produce a strong and previously untapped customer base for the vendor. In other words, the profitability of these products will likely ensure that there are willing vendors in each community where they are sold. Despite the profitability of such a venture, it is still important that snackfood vendors be informed and receive support for their role in supplying agricultural inputs. It is therefore suggested that development non-profits or government programs provide them with training and start-up capital to ensure the viability of their business (Belt et al., 2015).</p>
	<p>A second area of concern could be that despite now having access to new inputs, small-scale farmers will likely lack the tools to effectively use these inputs on their farms. Therefore, it is advisable that peri-urban machine shops be used to distribute tools such as fertilizer spreaders and pesticide sprayers that farmers can purchase to optimize the use of new inputs. If the cost of such tools is burdensome, farmer co-operatives can purchase these tools and share the cost among their members so that everyone has access to them but nobody incurs the full expense.</p>
	<p>Lastly, accessibility to modern farm inputs through established town vendors may be an effective means to improving the productivity and incomes of subsistence farms, however it has been argued that is not a long-term alternative to the necessary improvement of rural transport infrastructure, which will have a lasting impact on rural incomes, food security, and poverty alleviation (Farrow et al., 2011). In Africa, it has been shown that a constraint to increased input use and input-led agricultural intensification is in fact the lack of provision of public goods such as roads, education, research, and extension (Kelly et al., 2003). It has been suggested that aid agencies and national governments should refocus their resources and investment on these necessities, and away from programs that provide inputs directly to farmers. However, shifting funding to infrastructure projects such as building roads instead of focusing on providing support to small-scale farmers is a problematic response for several reasons. For one, supply roads are often built at the expense of the communities who live near them, whose livelihoods are negatively affected by the ensuing environmental degradation. Secondly, developing countries are unlikely to have the revenue to adequately address infrastructure needs in a way that will improve the livelihoods of farmers within the near future. Thus, alternative solutions are needed that specifically target remote small-scale farmers, and empower them to reach their full production potential. The use of snackfood vendors to sell agricultural inputs in remote areas has the potential to do this.</p>
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	~~<h3 class="title-bg">Further Reading </h3>~~
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	~~<p>1. Expanding Access to Agricultural Inputs in Africa: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0306919203000629</p>~~
	~~<p>2. ILO report, Wasted Time: The Price of Poor Access:~~
	~~http://www.oit.org/wcmsp5/groups/public/---ed_emp/---emp_policy/---invest/documents/publication/wcms_142663.pdf</p>~~
	~~<p>3. CSM Analytical Guide, Connecting Smallholders to Markets: http://www.fao.org/fileadmin/templates/cfs/Docs1516/cfs43/CSM_Connecting_Smallholder_to_Markets_EN.pdf</p>~~
	~~<p>4. Market-based Solutions for Input Supply: inphttp://www.snv.org/public/cms/sites/default/files/explore/download/snv-kit_wps_5-2015-web.pdf</p>~~
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	~~<h3 class="title-bg">References </h3>~~
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	<p>1. Belt, J., Kleijn, W., Chibvuma, P. A., Mudyazvivi, E., Gomo, M., Mfula, C., … Boafo, K. (2015). Market-based solutions for input supply: making inputs accessible for smallholder farmers in Africa. KIT Sustainable Economic Development & Gender. Retrieved from http://www. snv.org/public/cms/sites/default/files/explore/download/snv-kit_wps_5-2015-web.pdf</p>
	<p>2. Byerlee, D., Kelly, V., Kopicki, R., & Morris, M. (2007). Fertilizer Use in African Agriculture: Lessons Learned and Good Practice guidelines. Directions in Development, The World Bank. Retrieved from: http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/ 498591468204546593/Fertilizer-use-in-African-agriculture-lessons-learned-and-good- practice-guidelines</p>
	<p>3. Chapagain, T., & Raizada, M. (2017). Impacts of Natural Disasters on Smallholder Farmers: Gaps and Recommendations. Agriculture and Food Security, 6(39). Retrieved from: https:// www.infona.pl/resource/bwmeta1.element.springer-doi-10_1186-S40066-017-0116-6/ tab/summary </p>
	<p>4. Chirwa, E. W. (2011). Adoption of fertiliser and hybrid seeds by smallholder maize farmers in Southern Malawi. Development Southern Africa, 22(1), 1-12. Retrieved from: http://www. tandfonline.com/doi/full /10.1080/03768350500044065?scroll=top&needAccess=true</p>
	<p>5. Dahan, N. M., Doh, J. P., Oetzel, J., & Yaziji, M. (2010). Corporate-NGO Collaboration: Co-creating New Business Models for Developing Markets. International Journal of strategic Management, 43(2-3), 326-342. Retrieved from: https://s3.amazonaws.com/academia.edu. documents /39751565/Corporate-NGO_Collaboration_Co-creating_20151106-20993-1slzlwq.pdf?AWSAccessKeyId=AKIAIWOWYYGZ2Y53UL3A&Expires=1511406067&Signature=GxB8IsD5E5Y2nSQk3f0lldrRbHc%3D&response-content-disposition=inline%3B%20filename%3DCorporate-NGO_collaboration_Co-creating.pdf</p>
	<p>6. Edgerton, M. D. (2009). Increasing Crop Productivity to Meet Global Needs for Feed, Food, and Fuel. Plant Physiology, 149(1), 7–13. Retrieved from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/ articles/PMC2613695/</p>
	<p>7. Edmonds, G. (1998). Wasted Time: The Price of Poor Access. International Labour Office. Retrieved from: http://www.oit.org/wcmsp5/groups/public/---ed_emp/--- emp_policy/---invest/documents/publication/wcms_142663.pdf</p>
	<p>8. Farrow, A., Risinamhodzi, K., Zingore S., & Delve, R. (2011). Spatially Targeting the Distribution of Agricultural Input Stockists in Malawi. Agricultural Systems, 104(9), 694-702. Retrieved from: https://journals-scholarsportal-info.subzero. lib.uoguelph.ca/pdf/ 0308521x/v104i0009/694_sttdoaisim.xml</p>
	<p>9. Feder, G., Just, R. E., & Zilberman, D. (1985). Adoption of Agricultural Innovations in Developing Countries: A Survey. Economic Development and Cultural Change, 33(2), 255-298. Retrieved from: http://www. jstor.org/stable/1153228</p>
	~~<p>10. Kelly, V., Adesina, A. A., & Gordon, A. (2003). Expanding access to agricultural inputs in Africa: a review of recent market development experience. Food Policy, 28(4), 379-404.</p>~~
	~~<p>11. Raizada, M.N. (2017). AGR2150 Course Notes - Agronomic and Associated Challenges and Solutions for Subsistence Farmers.</p>~~
	<p>12. Thuo, M., Bravo-Ureta, B. E., Hathie, I., & Obeng-Asiedu, P. (2011). Adoption of chemical fertilizer by smallholder farmers in the peanut basin of Senegal. African Journal of Agricultural and Resource Economics, 6(1), unpaginated. Retrieved from: http:// ageconsearch.umn.edu/bitstream/ 156960/2/Thuo_06_01.pdf</p>

Mamta at 16:41, 11 December 2023

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	<p>Suggested citation for this chapter.</p>		<p>Suggested citation for this chapter.</p>
	<p> Kotlier ~~Bernal~~,D. (2022) Use of Snack food, Cigarette, and Alcohol Dealers to Sell Inputs to Farmers,In Farmpedia, The Encyclopedia for Small Scale Farmers. Editor, M.N. Raizada, University of Guelph, Canada. http://www.farmpedia.org</p>		<p> Kotlier,BD. (2022) Use of Snack food, Cigarette, and Alcohol Dealers to Sell Inputs to Farmers,In Farmpedia, The Encyclopedia for Small Scale Farmers. Editor, M.N. Raizada, University of Guelph, Canada. http://www.farmpedia.org</p>
	<h3 class="title-bg">Background</h3>		<h3 class="title-bg">Background</h3>
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8.57-Sweet Potato Value Addition

Alex Roberts, University of Guelph, Canada

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Suggested citation for this chapter.

Roberts,A. (2022) Sweet Potato Value Addition,In Farmpedia, The Encyclopedia for Small Scale Farmers. Editor, M.N. Raizada, University of Guelph, Canada. http://www.farmpedia.org

Introduction
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Created page with "<div> <div class="title"><h3>8.57-Sweet Potato Value Addition</h3><br><h3 class="ch-owner">Alex Roberts, University of Guelph, Canada </h3></div> <div class="hero-img-2"> 300px <p>Suggested citation for this chapter.</p> <p>Roberts,A. (2022) Sweet Potato Value Addition,In Farmpedia, The Encyclopedia for Small Scale Farmers. Editor, M.N. Raizada, University of Guelph, Canada. http://www.farmpedia.org</p> <h3 class="title-bg">Introduction</h3>..."

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<div class="title"><h3>8.57-Sweet Potato Value Addition</h3><br><h3 class="ch-owner">Alex Roberts, University of Guelph, Canada </h3></div>
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<p>Suggested citation for this chapter.</p>
<p>Roberts,A. (2022) Sweet Potato Value Addition,In Farmpedia, The Encyclopedia for Small Scale Farmers. Editor, M.N. Raizada, University of Guelph, Canada. http://www.farmpedia.org</p>
<h3 class="title-bg">Introduction</h3>
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<P>Sweet potato is a widely grown root crop ( Business Diary, 2017); its large, starchy, sweet-tasting, tuberous roots compose a nutritious vegetable. The young leaves and shoots are sometimes eaten as greens (ActionAid, 2015). Over 95% of the global sweet potato crop is produced in developing countries. More than 130 million tons are produced per year, with China producing about 80% of it (ActionAid, 2015). Sweet potato is rich in carbohydrates, phosphorus, and an excellent source of Vitamins A, B and C (Business Diary, 2017). It is known to lower cholesterol with curative effects for constipation and stomach stress. Value addition from sweet potatoes has become an increasing topic in the food world today as it has endless uses and all of the plant can be used as food for humans or feed for livestock (Business Diary, 2017). Sweet potatoes are widely becoming a novel root vegetable for functional foods, as it is nutritious and widely accessible (Sweet Potato Knowledge Portal, 2018). Functional foods are described as foods that contribute to an overall healthy body (Sweet Potato Knowledge Portal, 2018).</p>
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<h3 class="title-bg">Wrapping</h3>
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<p>The simplest value addition ideas would be to wrap sweet potatoes in newspaper in order to limit their exposure to light. Light can accelerate the autooxidation of fats and oils. This is imperative to increase shelf life, as well it can be more attractive to buyers; this can be advertised as offering a longer shelf life then other competitors (FoodSafetySite, 2012). Not wrapping each in their own individual package can lead to mold and harmful bacteria that can age sweet potatoes (FoodSafetySite, 2012). And wrapping each in an individual package would prevent pathogen cross-contamination (Lerner, B. Rosie, 2018). This process can be done extremely fast by hand and would result in a prolonged shelf life. Wrapping may be more expensive and time consuming, however, buying used newspaper or books can be inexpensive. Recycling can also lead to a cleaner environment; this can benefit smallholder farmers who sell what they produce (Knott, S., 2018). However, there is insufficient data on the price difference for wrapped compared to unwrapped sweet potatoes.</p>
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<h3 class="title-bg">Labeling</h3>
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<p>Value addition could be achieved simply by noting the nutrient benefits of processed sweet potato on packaging. For example, baking the potatoes instead of frying or boiling allows for more nutrients to be kept (Dincer, Cuneyt, et al., 2011). Baking a potato only requires cutting then placing onto a sheet in an oven. Labeling can improve sale value/rate, while adding a quick recipe (like baked fries) could add further value. Also, including the nutritional value of sweet potatoes can be beneficial (Sustain, 2007). A study from Miller & Cassady (2015) supports the claim that including nutritious information helps increase the sale of products by increasing the rate of sales, since ‘knowledge-is-power’. This would be best sold to tourists or at markets.</p>
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<h3 class="title-bg">Flour</h3>
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<p>Sweet potato root can be used to produce a variety of flours, which would be subsequently used to make breads, pastries and noodles (CIP, 2018). The process of producing flour from sweet potato root is described in full below. The following diagram shows an overview of the process:</p>
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<p>The process requires a knife for cutting as well as a mill; mills can be priced as low as $60. A visual step by step process of making flour can be found at https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GLEbnNnXqMA. This video is particularly useful because it describes the process in Kenya. Sweet potato flour can be used to fortify other flours or to make bread itself. Fortifying other flours with sweet potato flour yielded the best results compared to other white breads made from wheat flour alone (Shan, Shan, et al., 2012). Hence the packaging could advertise that sweet potato fortified bread is healthier and contains more nutrients than traditional flours. Sweet potato flour is sold in Canada at Walmart (https://www.walmart.com/c/kp/potato-flour) for $17.86/Kg, thus a smallholder farmer can mill the roots and sell for a profit.</p>
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<h3 class="title-bg">Jam</h3>
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<p>Sweet potato today can be used to make jams with only a blender (Business Diary, 2017), which the online retailer “Alibaba.com” sells for as little as $11. Blended sweet potato can also lead to value added products such as smoothies, drinks and catsup (Business Diary, 2017). This would help improve sales at road sides and markets.</p>
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<h3 class="title-bg">Sweet potato skins</h3>
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<p>Farmers and consumers can use the whole tuber to maximize profits. As already noted, the root can be used to create flour for human consumption or can be sold as livestock feed ( CIP, 2018). The outer layer of the tuber, instead of being thrown away, contains many useful nutrients and protein which could be added to smoothies, jams, or drinks (Allrecipes, 2018). As stated before a blender can cost as low as $11 on Alibaba.com. Additionally, sweet potato skins can also be baked (Allrecipes, 2018).</p>
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<h3 class="title-bg">Baked sweet potatoes</h3>
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<p>There is another popular value addition from sweet potatoes which serves as a healthy alternative to white fleshed potatoes. Sweet potatoes (baked, fried, boiled) are considered as a novel source for natural health promoting compounds (beta-carotene and anthocyanins) for the functional food market (Bovell et al., 2017). Boiling sweet potatoes result in a loss in carotenoids and other important vitamins and minerals (Gehse, Saskia, et al.), hence baking is an alternative. Baking is done in an oven, which can cost as little as $60 on Alibaba, or using rocks or clay. For the latter, a tutorial can be found at https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=z_OUaJVHnF0. Baking opens up new markets, such as to tourists or at local markets.</p>

<p>In conclusion, there is an abundance of value addition ideas for sweet potato smallholder farmers, and there are still more to be discovered with research. Most of these products are realistic for smallholder farmers to implement.</p>
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<h3 class="title-bg">References </h3>
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<p>1. ActionAid. (2015). What is a small holder farmer? Retrieved from http://actionaid.org/australia/2015/06/smallholderfarmers101</p>

<p>2. Bovell, B. Adelia C. (2007) Sweet Potato: A Review of Its Past, Present, and Future Role in Human Nutrition. Advances in Food and Nutrition Research, 7, 1–59, doi:10.1016/s1043-4526(06)52001-7.</p>

<p>3. Describe the different ways that food spoils. (2012). Retrieved from http://www.foodsafetysite.com/educators/competencies/general/microbiology/mic6.html</p>

<p>4. Dincer, Cuneyt, et al. (2011) Effects of Baking and Boiling on the Nutritional and Antioxidant Properties of Sweet Potato [Ipomoea Batatas (L.) Lam.] Cultivars. Plant Foods for Human Nutrition, 66 (4), 341-347. doi:10.1007/s11130-011-0262-0.</p>

<p>5. Gehse, Saskia, et al. (2018) Determination of the Effect of Boiling on the Bioavailability of Carotenoids in Vegetables Using Resonance Raman Spectroscopy. Laser Physics, 28(10), 105602. doi:10.1088/1555-6611/aad1b4.</p>

<p>6. Knott, S. (2018, March 22). One of Africa's most promising cities has a trash problem. Retrieved from https://qz.com/africa/1229079/ghana-the-worlds-fastest-growing-economy-has-a-trash-problem/</p>

<p>7. Sweet Potato Knowledge Portal, www.sweetpotatoknowledge.org/files/presentation-12-low-cost-technologies-value-addition-orange-fleshed-sweetpotato-smallholder-farmers-western-kenya/.</p>

<p>8. Lerner, B. Rosie. “Time to Harvest Sweet Potatoes.” Purdue Extension - Purdue University, 21 Sept. 2018, http://extension.purdue.edu/article/30787.</p>

<p>9. Miller, L. M., & Cassady, D. L. (2015). The effects of nutrition knowledge on food label use. A review of the literature. Appetite, 92, 207-216. doi:10.1016/j.appet.2015.05.029</p>

<p>10. Obi, L. “15 Ways You Can Add Value to Potatoes for More Money.” Daily Nation, 30 Sept. 2016, www.nation.co.ke/business/seedsofgold/ways-you-can-add-value-to-potatoes-for-more-money/2301238-3400418-e4g4ul/index.html. (cite as Obi, 2016)</p>

<p>11. Old Farmer's Almanac. (2018). Growing Sweet Potatoes. Retrieved November 29, 2018, from https://www.almanac.com/plant/sweet-potatoes</p>

<p>12. Shan, S., et al. (2012) Physicochemical Properties And Salted Noodle-Making Quality Of Purple Sweet Potato Flour And Wheat Flour Blends. Journal of Food Processing and Preservation, 37 (5) 709-716, doi:10.1111/j.1745-4549.2012.00686.x.</p>

<p>13. Sustain (2007). How can improved food labelling contribute to a healthy and sustainable food system? Retrieved from https://www.sustainweb.org/publications/how_can_improved_food_labelling_contribute/</p>

<p>14. “Sweet Potato Recipes.” Allrecipes, www.allrecipes.com/recipes/1094/fruits-and-vegetables/vegetables/sweet-potato/.</p>

<p>15. “Sweet Potato Processing and Uses.” International Potato Center (CIP), cipotato.org/crops/sweetpotato/sweet-potato-processing-and-uses/.</p>

<p>16. “Value-Added Products from Sweet Potato.” Business Diary PH, Business Diary Ph, 8 Dec. 2017, businessdiary.com.ph/6427/value-added-products-sweet-potato/.</p>

<p>17. Victoria Grain Mill - Corona Style. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://torontobrewing.ca/products/victoria-grain-mill-corona-style?variant=32012717379&utm_campaign=gs-2018-10-07&utm_source=google&utm_medium=smart_campaign&gclid=Cj0KCQiA8_PfBRC3ARIsAOzJ2uofbhQoD5PPMrJmemx2diMDGAHWGcxHijD9bGs-mKJ4GkNSNI9sHm8aAkNGEALw_wcB</p>